In contrast, the peer, or "workshop" / "seminar" protocol, in which all participants interact as peers, is optimal for the development of knowledge and wisdom.

This protocol is in essence a round table discussion by peers of a particular set of proposed ideas, which are typically presented in a paper that is distributed in advance of the discussion. The discussion will typically begin in student/teacher mode, during which the presenter will introduce the topic and answer clarifying questions. But once all participants are clear about what is being claimed, the discussion becomes peer to peer, with no one speaking in authority.